Emissions
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Emissions Articles
Below is a list of articles that have been published on this topic.
Click on the title to view the whole article
Air Quality - an Overview [Jun 2010]
The importance of regulation and the accumulation of reliable data cannot be overestimated
Air quality continues to become a more and more pertinent issue to people as they get on with their busy lives. The quality of the air that we breathe means different things to different people. Of concern to all of us is the potential for negative effects to our health. Both UK and EU legislation1 recognises the ‘worst offenders’, namely sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, particulate matter and heavy metals including mercury and lead. Epidemiological studies, past and present have made the link between increased levels of pollution in the atmosphere and mortality rate. The ‘Great’ London Smog of December 1952 was accountable by some estimations for the premature death of up to 12,000 people2. The causes were stable atmospheric conditions, cold weather, but pertinently the release of enhanced masses of sulphur dioxide and particulate matter from domestic and industrial burning of coal and other solid fuels. The likelihood of such an event happening in the western world today is remote. The use of ‘cleaner’ fuels and tighter industrial regulation ensure that even under the most unfavourable meteorological conditions, major urban centres are not prone to the pea-soup conditions of yesteryear.
Wind Measurement [Mar 2010]
The use of wind sensors for air quality applications
This article will give an overview of the types of wind sensors available for air quality applications. The focus is on the use of ‘in-situ’ sensors rather than remote sensing techniques such as wind radars (often called wind profilers).
The article will cover sensor location, a much neglected but critical aspect of wind measurement. This is often as important as the sensors themselves.
Spectroscopy in Space [Mar 2010]
Getting best value from laboratory biodegradability testing by avoiding some common pitfalls.
Environmental Monitoring Standards and Methods - Selection of standards for emission monitoring [Dec 2009]
With the increasing requirement for the installation of continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) it is important that capital investment is protected and that instrumentation gives reliable, meaningful and repeatable data. Fitting MCERTS-approved equipment is one element but it is extremely important that the system is verified. The verification process requires the use of standard reference methods to underpin the data.
Ammonia Sensors and Their Applications [Sep 2009]
The key to success is understanding the monitoring environment, and the specific benefits and limitations of the sensors selected
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Contaminated Soils [Sep 2009]
Expanding the potential of biomass crop production: reusing brownfield sites and biodegradable wastes
Monitoring Heavy Metals [Jun 2009]
Recent changes to the monitoring of heavy metals in ambient air
The UK Heavy Metals Monitoring Network measures the concentration of metals in ambient air in order to assess the UK’s compliance with European air quality legislation and the exposure of the general population to potentially harmful compounds. This article describes the operation of the Network, and how its constituent monitoring sites around the UK have recently been reorganised in order to ensure compliance with European legislation.
Continuous Emissions Monitoring [Mar 2009]
An overview of some of the techniques employed
The topic of monitoring stationary sources emissions is very broad and many books have been published on the subject. This article is aimed at giving an overview of some of the techniques employed.
Air Quality Monitoring [Sep 2008]
Future of emissions/air monitoring and the linking of European standards
We would all like to gaze into a crystal ball to see how the industry is going to develop but we do know of forthcoming standards and legislation which will affect the way we operate. European standards developed by CEN have a mandatory requirement and must be adopted by all states within the European Union.
Landfill Gas Projects Under The CDM [Sep 2008]
A global response to climate change
The climate is changing. This poses a serious threat to the world’s environment, and is expected to negatively impact on human activities. Today it is widely accepted amongst the scientific community that anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are a key cause of the changes in the Earth’s climate over the last 100 years and that prompt action is necessary. Responses to climate change range from efforts made by individuals and firms to reduce their carbon footprints, to unprecedented international cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This article looks in detail at one of these international actions - the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) which involves the implementation of emission reducing projects in developing countries - with a focus on how landfill gas projects are being given a much-needed boost in developing countries.
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Wireless Sensor Networks [Jun 2008]
Application Roll Call
Wireless sensor network technologies provide a bridge between information systems and the physical world. While cost effective sensors and actuators have been available for decades connecting, installing and commissioning these sensors and actuators has been expensive due to the cost of wiring.
Continuous Emissions Monitoring [Jun 2008]
A route to the development of novel technology and new market opportunities
Air pollution is an important issue of concern to the general public as exposure to low levels of some toxic species emitted by industrial processes may be hazardous to human health or impact adversely on the environment. This article describes how the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), a National Measurement Institute (NMI) in the UK supported by the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS), has been involved in assisting Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the development of the next generation of novel continuous emissions monitors (CEMs).
Equilibrium sampling in soil, snow and aquatic ecosystem measurements [Jun 2008]
Soil Exploration Technology
This application note describes the equilibrium sampling method to be used with the Vaisala CARBOCAP® Carbon Dioxide Probe GMP343 for measurements of CO2 concentrations and fluxes in soil, snow or aquatic ecosystems. Some practical hints are provided for the different environments to ensure successful and trouble free measurements. This application note has been prepared in cooperation with Lammi Biological station, Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences and Department of Forest Ecology at University of Helsinki.
Air Emission Monitoring [Mar 2008]
The need for quality monitoring data
The effects of the EU Directives are being felt by all involved in the majority of industry. One of the key elements of the directives is the requirement for quality monitoring data not only for compliance testing but also for calibration of continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS).
Why Use Gas Detectors? [Feb 2008]
Emerging Technologies Can Enhance Their Effectiveness
Gas detectors form an important part of safety systems to help protect users from the effects of explosion, fire or ill-health (acute, ie short term and chronic, ie long term) arising from flammable, toxic or asphyxiant gases1.
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Air Sampling, Emission Monitoring, Environmental Data Loggers, Environmental Testing, Gas Detection, Groundwater Monitoring, Odour Monitoring, Control and Treatment, Sludge Treatment and Management, Soil Testing, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment, XRF Analytical Instruments
Cleaning Up The Planet [Jan 2008]
The Filtration Society takes up the challenge
The Filtration Society was founded in London over 40 years ago with the objective of collating existing filtration and separation technologies, actively promoting new developments and providing an important resource centre for all filter related industries.
An Introduction to Carbon Trading [Jan 2008]
The Kyoto Protocol’s flexible trading mechanisms
The international market for carbon credits grew in value to an estimated US $30 billion in 2006, three times greater than the previous year, it is predicted that demand will grow as countries in the developed world are unlikely to meet their Kyoto target of reducing their GHG emissions by an average of 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2012.
Stationary Source Sampling [Sep 2007]
Evaluating the characteristics of industrial waste gas emissions
Stationary source sampling or ‘stack-emission testing’ is the experimental process for evaluating the characteristics of industrial waste gas emissions into the atmosphere. Materials emitted to the air from these sources can be solid, liquid, or gaseous; organic or inorganic. The effluent pollutants emitted to the atmosphere from a source may contain many different pollutant materials. The quantity and type of each pollutant must be known so that a control strategy can be formed and emissions regulated. There is a variety of European, International and National procedures for evaluating these emissions.
Remote and Wireless Monitoring [Sep 2007]
Technology to meet CDM requirements
In its infancy in Europe, carbon trading is fueling remote and wireless monitoring globally, especially in North and South America. That experience and technology is now finding a demand in Europe.
LCPD Change with the Times [Jun 2007]
Optimising combustion operations through monitoring
In the scramble to prepare for a new regulatory regime, the owners of large combustion plants should not forget the vital role that good monitoring can play in helping them meet both their production and their emissions targets.
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Air Sampling, Emission Monitoring, Environmental Data Loggers, Environmental Testing, Gas Detection, Groundwater Monitoring, Odour Monitoring, Control and Treatment, Sludge Treatment and Management, Soil Testing, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment, XRF Analytical Instruments
Continuous Particulate Emissions Monitoring [Jun 2007]
Particulate measurement in chimney stacks on industrial processes
The subject of Continuous Particulate emission monitoring to satisfy regulatory requirements is of relatively new interest as a result of recent changes in legislation. Historically regulators were concerned with the visual impact of the discharge from a stack and therefore emission limits were expressed in terms of colour or opacity. However with the advent of emission limits for a process being defined in terms of mass concentration (expressed in mg/ m3) the issue of continuous particulate monitoring has become a new and growing regulatory requirement.
Real Time Odour Monitoring [Mar 2007]
Odour abatement monitoring using electronic noses
The equipment implemented to reduce odour emissions is designed with effectiveness in mind. However, some operating conditions may reduce that effectiveness without an industrial site being able to detect this quickly. Processes that most of the time have low odour emissions may become, under certain weather conditions, a major nuisance source.
Principles of Landfill Odour Emission and Control [Mar 2007]
Understanding, prioritising and controlling emissions
Throughout most countries in Europe by far the greatest proportion of waste is disposed of to landfill. In the UK this represents approximately 83% of all waste disposed1. Odours from landfill represent the single highest cause of complaint from waste management processes in the UK. These concerns also represent one of the most commonly cited reasons for refusal of extensions and applications for landfill operations. So is this a problem that we should be concerned with or an issue that will fade away as our dependency on landfill reduces and new technologies contribute to managing waste?
Monitoring Climate Change [Mar 2007]
Greenhouse gas emissions from construction and buildings
Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) are a major cause of global warming and climate change. Measures are now being taken on an international scale to reduce these emissions. However, progress is slow.
An Introduction to Carbon Trading [Jan 2007]
The Kyoto Protocol's flexible trading mechanisms
The international market for carbon credits grew in value to an estimated US $30 billion in 2006, three times greater than the previous year, it is predicted that demand will grow as countries in the developed world are unlikely to meet their Kyoto target of reducing their GHG emissions by an average of 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2012.
Links to Products and Services
You may be interested in the following products and services on our sister site - OSE Directory.
Air Sampling, Emission Monitoring, Environmental Data Loggers, Environmental Testing, Gas Detection, Groundwater Monitoring, Odour Monitoring, Control and Treatment, Sludge Treatment and Management, Soil Testing, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment, XRF Analytical Instruments
Continuous Emissions Monitoring [Sep 2006]
There is no such thing as a “one size fits all” CEMS system
There has never been such a wide range of analysers and systems available for continuous emissions monitoring from industrial processes as there is today. In the UK there are many manufacturers and distributors offering CEMS (continuous emissions monitoring systems) using a variety of technologies. These include Ultraviolet (UV) and Infrared (IR) absorption, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS), chemiluminescence and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for gaseous species as well as various techniques for particulate monitors.
Do You Know Your WEL? [Jul 2006]
Understanding the hazards from welding fumes
Sustainability of Industrial Water [Jun 2006]
Climate change impacts on industrial water, waste and wastewater
VOC Detection and Measurement Techniques [Jun 2006]
Outlining the application of laws surrounding Volatile Organic Compounds
State-of-the-Art Spectroscopy [Mar 2006]
Protecting our environment is the most important strategy for maintaining a high quality of life for current and future generations.
Links to Products and Services
You may be interested in the following products and services on our sister site - OSE Directory.
Air Sampling, Emission Monitoring, Environmental Data Loggers, Environmental Testing, Gas Detection, Groundwater Monitoring, Odour Monitoring, Control and Treatment, Sludge Treatment and Management, Soil Testing, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment, XRF Analytical Instruments
Combustion and Emissions Monitoring [Mar 2006]
MCERTS - its background and wider applicability
Problems with Pitots Reporting Emissions [Sep 2005]
Issues with flow measurement in stacks
Emissions Trading [Mar 2005]
Its Implications for Businesses
The formulation of a market needs a buyer and a seller and, at times, due to high transaction costs, a specialised broker.
...all i need is the air that i breathe... [Jan 2004]
Here’s a paradox. Situations where there is the greatest danger from inhalation hazards need the most complex forms of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) – breathing apparatus (BA).
Ozone - a Boon and a Plague [Oct 2002]
Ozone protects and threatens us at the same time: 15 kilometres above us in the atmosphere ozone protects us against dangerous UV beams - on the surface the aggressive gas threatens our health.
Links to Products and Services
You may be interested in the following products and services on our sister site - OSE Directory.
Air Sampling, Emission Monitoring, Environmental Data Loggers, Environmental Testing, Gas Detection, Groundwater Monitoring, Odour Monitoring, Control and Treatment, Sludge Treatment and Management, Soil Testing, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment, XRF Analytical Instruments
Respiratory Protection for Industry [Oct 2002]
Industry can breathe easy with modern Respiratory Protection Equipment systems
Whilst circumstances will generally dictate which form of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is most suitable to a particular application, recent technological advancements have meant that there is now much more of a choice within those parameters.
Gas Detection Technology [Oct 2002]
There is an array of different sensors for different applications. Jörg Kühn explains the benefits and disadvantages of each kind and how to use them safely
