Water
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Water Articles
Below is a list of articles that have been published on this topic.
Click on the title to view the whole article
Heavy Metals' Monitoring [Jun 2010]
Monitoring airborne heavy metals in rural areas
Much of the focus on measuring heavy metals in the ambient atmosphere has been to establish monitoring sites at locations close to local sources of heavy metals in industrial and urban areas. However, there is also a specific legislative requirement to monitor heavy metals in rural areas where concentrations are considerably lower. The Rural Heavy Metals Monitoring and Deposition Network determines the concentrations of heavy metals in samples of ambient air and rainwater collected at remote rural sites across the UK, which are not unduly influenced by local sources of anthropogenic emissions. This article describes the operation of this monitoring network and how the data are used to determine background levels of heavy metals in the UK (and thereby demonstrate compliance of the UK with the relevant EU legislation for rural areas), and in the quantification of heavy metal deposition from the atmosphere.
Soil Moisture Sensors and Applications [Jun 2010]
Conserving irrigation water, assessing water catchments and controlling diffuse environmental pollution at source
A considerable amount of water enters the soil through rainfall or irrigation and is removed by drainage, surface evaporation and plant root uptake. The balance of these flows determines the soil moisture status, which varies dynamically over time and down the soil profile. It is critical to all aspects of life, from food production to ecosystem diversity and from the playability of grass sports surfaces, to the spread of environmental pollutants. Increasingly, continuous monitoring of soil moisture is required for conserving irrigation water, assessing water catchments and controlling diffuse environmental pollution at source.
Analysis of Water Samples [Jun 2010]
Automated Analysis of PAHs by HPLC in Drinking Water and Surface Water Samples
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is a body of legislation that is geared towards achieving “good quality” status for all bodies of water throughout the EU by the year 2015.
Biological Treatment of Produced Water [Mar 2010]
What is Produced Water?
Produced water, also known as drilling water, is waste water formed during the process of petroleum extraction from underground reservoirs. To better understand what produced water is, it is important to take a closer look at the actual oil drilling process. Drilling for oil, referred to in the industry as the ‘upstream mining process’ frequently involves pumping large quantities of high pressure, extremely hot water into the petroleum reservoir beneath the ground. The water pressure forces the petroleum upwards, and the heat of the forced water lowers the viscosity of the petroleum. The fluid that returns to the surface is known as produced water and is comprised of hot petroleum, water that was trapped underground, as well as the pumped water, along with earth and debris.
Premium Efficiency Wastewater Pumping - Optimising energy consumption and preventing blockages [Dec 2009]
There is no doubt that the pressures on a wastewater business have changed regardless of whether you are a publicly funded municipality, privately owned water company or a private operator of a wastewater collection system. We clearly see an increased focus on energy use with regard to cost and CO2 footprint, along with the demand to reduce the number of blockages and the associated risk of overflows.
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Dust Monitoring, Equipment Protection Management, Gas Detection, Land Remediation, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment
Water Analysis [Sep 2009]
The risk of chemical contaminants to water
Groundwater Monitoring [Jun 2009]
Low-flow Purging and Sampling
Significant timesavings, improved sample process integrity, quality assurance and minimal quantities of potentially contaminated purge water to manage - are attractive as the focus on groundwater quality sharpens and economics demand best cost- benefit based methods.
Automated Analysis of PAHs by HPLC [Mar 2009]
Lowering operating costs and improving productivity
Automated solid phase extraction (SPE) has been combined with HPLC and fluorescence detection for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking water samples. This approach offers lower operating costs and improved productivity as sample numbers increase.
Assessing, Sampling and Analysis Techniques [Dec 2008]
Implications for calculating nutrient and sediment loads
Do water samples collected routinely for monitoring programmes accurately reflect river phosphorus (P) and suspended solids (SS) concentrations? This paper examines several stages of standard sampling, preservation and analysis techniques (SSPAT) for water samples from two lowland UK rivers. Although universal analytical procedures are necessary for data comparison, this paper indicates that adopting a SSPAT approach alone may jeopardise sample representativeness. Therefore, preliminary surveys to assess whether SSPAT protocol is sufficient to quantify P and SS loads are highly recommended.
Dry Chemical Odour Scrubbers [Sep 2008]
The principle of distributed odour control
Dry chemical scrubbers are uniquely suited for use in collection system pump stations and in waste water treatment plants for the control of odours. They are inherently simple in their operation and function continuously without operator attention for extended periods of time. This type of scrubber, through the use of specialised gas-phase or dry-scrubbing air filtration media types(medias), is essentially able to achieve the complete removal of odours without the need for additional dilution air.
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Dust Monitoring, Equipment Protection Management, Gas Detection, Land Remediation, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment
Wireless Sensor Networks [Jun 2008]
Application Roll Call
Wireless sensor network technologies provide a bridge between information systems and the physical world. While cost effective sensors and actuators have been available for decades connecting, installing and commissioning these sensors and actuators has been expensive due to the cost of wiring.
Membrane Technologies and Resource Optimization [Jun 2008]
Considerations for using membranes in large-scale plants
The role of water recycling and reuse is gaining immense importance. This is primarily due to the increasing disposal cost and the realisation that water is a valuable resource that must be used with great care. Fine chemicals, agro-chemicals and pharmaceutical industries have now products and processes which show a high degree of complexity resulting in effluents streams which are difficult to treat efficiently.
Approaches to Water Monitoring and Modelling [Mar 2008]
Assessing water quality pressures on fluvial systems
The population in certain areas of England has grown rapidly in the last few decades. As a result, additional water will be needed to meet predicted levels of customer demand in the next 10 years in several parts of the region. This expanding population is also creating a larger energy demand. It is inevitable that conflicts will arise between the pressure exerted on fluvial systems to meet these water and energy needs and more stringent environmental protection afforded by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requirements (WFD UK TAG, 2007).
Land Remediation Measurement [Mar 2008]
Molecular tools can provide lines of evidence for biological remediation
There are 3.5 million suspected contaminated sites within the EU. The EU Soil Framework Directive will soon require member states to compile a national database of these sites, measure the contamination and put in place a national remediation strategy.
Source Tracing Techniques [Mar 2008]
Water movement and relative impact of pollution sources on water quality
The Environment Agency (EA) defines tracers as follows: “Tracers are substances which may be used to deduce the direction, destination and velocity of water or other substances”. Source tracing is a technique that uses tracers to track the movement of water to determine the relative contribution of various sources on its composition at specific points. For example, a tracer might be used to determine if faecal pollution from an effluent discharge pipe is passing out to sea or returning to the coast and thereby impacting water quality on the nearby beaches.
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Dust Monitoring, Equipment Protection Management, Gas Detection, Land Remediation, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment
Sludge and Biosolids Management [Sep 2007]
There is a need for proportionate and consistent approach to regulation
This is the second paper on this series. In the first1 I reviewed a broad breadth of issues related to managing sludge and biosolids including anaerobic digestion, the potential of biogas, drying and land application. This paper will build on, rather than repeat the information in that first paper. Save to say that sludges are an inevitable consequence of treating wastewater and, because the type of wastewater treatment affects their character, consideration should be given to the fate of the sludge at the earliest stage in design of wastewater treatment. Having said that, there are exciting advances and retrofits that will be discussed in this paper.
Controlling Parameters in Water Analysis [Jun 2007]
COD, TOC - or maybe TOD?
The COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is one of most important parameters in water analysis. In Germany as in nearly all European countries tax for indirect discharges is based on the COD. Using the oxygen consumption is reasonable in the case of tax because the delay time of waste water in a treatment plant depends mainly on its biological activity. The oxygen consumption again is a degree of biological activity. To determine the biological oxygen demand would be best suitable, but determination of this parameter is even more extensive compared to measurement of COD.
Water Quality Monitoring Below the Sea [Mar 2007]
Assessing environmental risk to natural waters from industry
An old saying goes: ‘If you don’t monitor it; you can’t manage it’, and this has never been truer than when applied to the management of Water. States, industry sectors and individual processes all have water quality objectives and monitoring is essential in order to be able to measure the effects of improvement initiatives and to demonstrate compliance with regulations. Historically, water quality monitoring has relied on sampling or spot checking, however, the trend has been for process operators to move towards continuous monitoring. This, in turn, has created a need for sensors to be developed that are more robust and reliable and require less maintenance and ongoing calibration. At the same time, data collection and communication technologies have advanced considerably and it is now possible to view real- time water quality data at any time from anywhere. This article will outline some of the latest sensor technologies and examine the ways in which they are now able to resolve the problems traditionally associated with continuous monitoring.
On-line and In-situ UV/Vis Spectroscopy [Mar 2007]
Real time multi parameter measurements with a single instrument
The advantages of online sensors for water quality analysis are becoming ever more widely recognised. The actual number of applications, nevertheless, remains rather limited to this date due to the limited capabilities of the instruments available. The introduction of spectrometric multi parameter probes with low maintenance requirements, however, is now changing the face of online monitoring significantly.
Environmental Laboratory Analysis [Jan 2007]
Remain up-to-date with chaning legislation and technological advances
Recent technological advances within analytical instrumentation have meant significant enhancements can now be made in the methods of analysis within the Environmental testing market.
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Dust Monitoring, Equipment Protection Management, Gas Detection, Land Remediation, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment
Filamentous Species and Industrial Wastewater [Sep 2006]
Identification and control of filamentous micro-organisms in industrial wastewater treatment plants
The activated sludge process is widely used for treating domestic as well as industrial wastewater. Excellent treatment results can be obtained in properly designed and operated plants as long as the activated sludge flocs settle well in the final clarifier.
Sustainability of Industrial Water [Jun 2006]
Climate change impacts on industrial water, waste and wastewater
Sludge and Biosolids Management [Mar 2006]
Sludge and Biosolids Management
State-of-the-Art Spectroscopy [Mar 2006]
Protecting our environment is the most important strategy for maintaining a high quality of life for current and future generations.
Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation [Sep 2005]
All over the world, utilities are facing challenges to improve performance
Links to Products and Services
You may be interested in the following products and services on our sister site - OSE Directory.
Dust Monitoring, Equipment Protection Management, Gas Detection, Land Remediation, Water Analysis, Testing and Treatment
Slim Down Your Waste And Pile on the Pounds [Mar 2005]
How innovative waste water treatment and removal can benefit your bottom line and the environment
Waste management goalposts are on the move again, with many businesses playing ‘catch up’ in an effort to make sure their waste water is removed, recycled and replaced with minimum environmental damage and minimal cost.
Field and Continuous Measurements [Mar 2005]
Making Sure We Make the Best Use of Them
The specification and use of online/field instruments and test kits can be a complicated business. Making the wrong choice could prove expensive.
Tim White explores the range of International Standards and related guidance which can help when specifying equipment and validating the data against required performance set by standard methods advocated by regulatory bodies.
